Court V1

Kleros Court V1 documentation: the original KlerosLiquid arbitration protocol on Ethereum Mainnet and Gnosis Chain, active for web3 integrations.

Court V1

Court V1 is the production-proven protocol on Ethereum L1 and remains active for web3 integrations. A V2 version is available: Court V2 on Arbitrum.

Kleros Court V1 is the original decentralized dispute resolution protocol deployed on Ethereum Mainnet in 2018. The core smart contract was KlerosLiquid, which combined juror staking, random selection, voting, and dispute management in a single contract.

---

Key Characteristics

• Network: Ethereum Mainnet (also deployed on Gnosis Chain / xDAI)
• Contract: KlerosLiquid (monolithic all logic in one contract)
• PNK Staking: PNK remained in the juror’s wallet during staking
• RNG: Blockhash-based random number generation
• Voting: Commit-reveal with plurality aggregation
• Standards: ERC-792 (Arbitration) and ERC-1497 (Evidence)
• Courts: Hierarchical subcourt tree with General Court as root

---

V1 vs V2 Comparison

Feature	V1	V2
Network	Ethereum Mainnet	Arbitrum One
Architecture	Monolithic (KlerosLiquid)	Modular (KlerosCore + SortitionModule + DisputeKits)
Evidence	Handled by arbitrable contracts	Handled by Court
Appeals	Handled by arbitrable contracts	Handled by Court
RNG	Blockhash	Chainlink VRF with fallback
Cross-chain	Single chain	Multi-chain via VEA bridge
Gas costs	High	Low

---

V1 Court Structure

V1 had a similar hierarchical court tree to V2, with the General Court as root and specialized subcourts including Blockchain Non-Technical, English Language, Onboarding, and others. Staking in a child court automatically included the juror in all parent courts.

---

V1 Resources

• V1 Court App: Previously at court.kleros.io (now redirects to V2)
• Contract: KlerosLiquid on Ethereum Mainnet
• ERC-792 Standard: See ERC-792 documentation